5 Nov 2024

How to Prevent Electrocution from Water Heaters: A Comprehensive Guide for Singapore Residents

How to prevent Electrocution from Water Heaters

How to Prevent Electrocution from Water Heaters: In recent years, Singapore has witnessed tragic incidents involving electrocution due to improperly installed water heaters, most notably in Jurong where a failure to connect the circuit to a Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB) resulted in three deaths. This alarming situation was highlighted in CNA’s “Talking Point” episode titled “Will Your Heater Kill You?” Such incidents underscore the critical importance of adhering to strict safety guidelines when installing and maintaining water heaters. This guide provides essential steps and considerations to prevent such tragedies, ensuring that your water heater is safe and compliant with Singapore’s regulations.

Key checks an LEW will perform:

1. Engage Only an EMA Licensed Electrician for High-Current Electrical Works

When it comes to the installation of high-current electrical appliances like water heaters, it is crucial to engage only an EMA (Energy Market Authority) Licensed Electrician (LEW). These professionals are trained and authorised to carry out electrical works in compliance with Singapore’s stringent safety standards.

Key checks an LEW will perform:

Cable Sizing: An LEW will ensure that the correct cable sizes are used for your water heater installation. Undersized cables can overheat, leading to insulation failure and potential electrical fires. Picture shows a 3-core cable 70/0076” equivalent to 1.5mm2 cross section area without BS or SS certification. According to Rheem Instruction Manual for Electric Storage Water Heater, Each model of electric water heaters can be fitted with different rating of heating elements:

1.5 kW, 2.5 /3.0kW, 4.8 kW, and the matched minimum section acreage of copper core main

power wire is of 1.5mm2, 2.5mm2 and 4.0mm2 respectively.

For a heater rated at 3.0kW, a minimum of 2.5mm2 must be used.

Earth Cable Connection: The earth cable is a critical safety feature that directs any stray electrical current safely into the ground, preventing electrocution. An LEW will check that the earth cable is properly linked and not disconnected.

The pictures shows an equiptment KEW 6010B used for the test. This device and method comply with the relevant parts of IEC 61557 series as per code of practice SS 638: 2018.

The P-E green LED is lit confirming the continuity of protective conductors.

RCCB Protection: The most crucial safety device in your electrical system is the Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB). This device cuts off the electrical supply if it detects a leakage current, which can occur if there is a fault in the water heater. The LEW will ensure that your heater’s circuit is protected by an RCCB, providing a vital line of defence against electrocution.

While connected, to test the protection by automatic disconnection of the supply, press the orange button and the RCCB should trip. This verifies the effectiveness of the measures for fault protection

2. Avoid Unlicensed Handymen for Electrical and Plumbing Works

It is not uncommon for homeowners to hire unlicensed handymen for electrical and plumbing jobs, often under the false belief that they offer a cheaper alternative. However, this decision can be dangerously misguided.

Legal and Safety Implications:

Violation of the Public Utilities Act 2001: Under this act, it is illegal for anyone other than a PUB (Public Utilities Board) Licensed Plumber to install a storage water heater. This law ensures that all plumbing works are carried out safely and to the required standards.

Lack of Training and Expertise: Unlicensed handymen typically lack the necessary training in both electrical and plumbing disciplines. They are not qualified to assess the risks involved, such as using inappropriate materials or methods that could endanger lives.
Non-Compliance with Safety Standards: Unlicensed handymen may use substandard or non-approved materials, such as undersized cables or improper insulation, to cut corners and reduce costs. These shortcuts can lead to catastrophic failures, as seen in the recent Jurong incident.

3. The Myth of Cheaper Handymen: A Costly Misconception

Many homeowners believe that hiring an unlicensed handyman is a more economical choice. However, this belief is not only incorrect but potentially lethal.

Hidden Costs of Hiring Unlicensed Handymen:

Inferior Workmanship: Unlicensed handymen often employ the cheapest materials and the quickest, easiest methods, which are far from compliant with safety standards. This can result in frequent repairs, replacements, and even more serious costs, such as fire damage or loss of life.
Legal Repercussions: Engaging an unlicensed handyman can also result in legal penalties under the Public Utilities Act. Additionally, insurance claims related to accidents caused by faulty installations might be denied if an unlicensed worker was involved.
Long-Term Risks: Poorly executed installations increase the risk of future failures, such as electrical shorts or water leaks, leading to higher maintenance costs and the potential for dangerous incidents.

4. Choose a Reputable Company with Licensed Professionals

For peace of mind and safety assurance, always choose a reputable company with a team comprising both PUB-licensed plumbers and EMA-licensed electricians. Such companies have a vested interest in maintaining their reputation and customer trust, which translates to higher quality and safer installations.

Advantages of Hiring a Reputable Company:

Comprehensive Service: These companies offer a one-stop solution for both electrical and plumbing works, ensuring that all aspects of the installation are handled professionally and safely.
Use of Approved Materials: Reputable companies adhere to industry standards and use only approved, high-quality materials that meet Singapore’s safety requirements.
Transparent Pricing: While they may not offer the lowest prices, reputable companies provide transparent pricing with no hidden costs, ensuring that the safety of your home is never compromised.

5. Additional Safety Considerations

Beyond engaging the right professionals, there are several other steps you can take to enhance the safety of your water heater installation:

Regular Maintenance: Schedule regular maintenance checks for your water heater and electrical system, particularly the RCCB, to ensure they are functioning correctly.
Safety Education: Educate your household members about the importance of electrical safety, including not tampering with electrical installations and recognising signs of electrical faults.
Prompt Repairs: If you notice any irregularities, such as frequent tripping of the RCCB or unusual noises from your water heater, contact a licensed professional immediately to inspect and repair the issue.

Conclusion

How to Prevent Electrocution from Water Heaters is not just about following safety guidelines; it’s about making informed decisions that protect lives. By engaging only EMA Licensed Electricians and PUB Licensed Plumbers, avoiding unlicensed handymen, and choosing reputable companies, you can ensure that your water heater installation is safe, compliant, and reliable. Remember, cutting corners on safety is never worth the risk—your life and the lives of your loved ones depend on it.